Archive for September 14th, 2008
Hindu Timeline
GUPTA DYNASTY
- Temple-worship and Puranas consolidated.
- Brahmans give up Vedic sacrifices
- Kshatriya philosophy of Upanishads is adopted
- National heroes Rama & Krishna are adopted as religious system
- Kshatriya epic the Bhagavad Gita is incorporated into the Mahabharata
- Buddha becomes an avatar of Lord Vishnu
- “Brahmanism has never stood for any religious doctrine or faith. Its life and soul, then, as it is now, was the Caste System with the Brahman as the highest sacerdotal caste, and its vital interest was priestly exploitation. These two measures were achieved in an abundant measure by the new arrangements- in fact in a greater measure than was ever possible in the past, and Brahmans must have felt exhalted by the great victory of their cause” (DC Ahir, p42).
Sankaracharya is regarded as having restored the supremacy of Hindu religion over the ruins of Buddhism.
Buddha lays out 10 actions of moral conduct (right action 3, right thought 3, right speech 4). This gets copied almost verbatim in thhe Chapter XII of Manu Samhita. Even the terminology was copied, as it was perculia to Buddhism and Jainism.
Later Buddhists develop the ideal of Bodhisattvas who pass their lives in endless rebirths in moral activities. This is the essense of karma-yoga preached in Bhagavad Gita, the latest exponent being Swami Vivekananda who puts moral actions in right spirit above meditation or worship of god.
Bengali Hindus continue the practice of eating meat. Upper Caste North and Southern Hindus give the derogatory terms ‘masyhari’ (fish-eating Brahmanas) as hardly deserving the name Hindu, even though Bengalis are the ones sticking to orthodox Hindus and the others have adopted Buddhist/Jain ideals. Bengali Vaishnyas have even become vegetarian: so wide-spread did Buddhism & Jainism seep into Hinduism without Hindus even realising.
Today, all five Hindu pilgrimage sites were once Buddhist shrines: Tirupati in Andhra Pradesh, Sabrimala in Kerala, Pandharpur in Maharashtra, Puri (Jagannath temple) in Orissa and Badrinath in Uttaranchal.
1590- Mahant Gosain Giri occupies the Great Maha Bodhi Temple at Buddha Gaya. He uprooted the Buddha image and instals a Shiva lingam. Anagarika Dharmapala in 1891 launches a movement to regain control of the temple from Hindu Mahant. In 1949 the Government of Bihar passes the Buddha Gaya Teple Management Act with 5 Hindu and 4 Buddhist Committee members. The eyesore of the Shivalingam remains in the sanctum sanctorum fo the Temple.
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Buddhism VS Hinduism
Spiritual brotherhood VS Hereditary priesthood
Personal merit VS Distinction of birth
Logical reasoning VS Vedic revelation
Moral life VS Ceremonial piety
Perfected sage VS the Gods
Anyone can study VS Shudras can’t study
Natively Indian VS Born from foreign Aryanism
Soul is non-existent VS Soul is existent
Buddha refuted the Brahmin claim that only they could attain spiritual virtues. Ashvagosa, the well known Buddhacarita (1st-2nd C AD), said:
- As all sons born of the same father (ekapitrkatvat) do not belong to different varnas, the Brahmanas and others can not be different varnas because they originate from the same Purusa (ekapurusot punnanam).
- There is no distinction (visesa) of any kindin the body of the Brahanas and other varnas as found int he animals, in respect of their feet (pada) or their pudendum (bhaga), organ (linga), colour (varna), shape (samsthana), dung (mala), urine (mutra), smell (gandha) and sound (dhvani).
- There is no distinction in them as in thei apperance (rupa), colour (varna), tail (oma) and beak (tunda) of the birds.
- There is no dinstiction in them in regard of body or its parts.
- Ashvaghosha says “all that I have said about brahmanas is equally applicable to kshariyas; the doctrine of the fourfold order is alteogtether false. All men are of one grade (caste)”.
- In a bold statement, Dharmakirti, a great Buddhist saint-scholar who lived in 7th C AD, says “accepting the authority of the Vedas and someone as the creator, the disire of getting merit throught he holy dip, the vanity of caste, and torturing the body to redeem the sins: these are the five characteristis of stupidity”.
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Buddhist Timeline
BC
400-300BC
Sona & Uttara introduce Buddhism to Burma at Suvannabhumi.
AD
- 300’s Asanga, a might Yogacara philosopher, introduced the Hindu gods into the Buddhist pantheon of bodhisattvas to personificate powers/qualities of the Buddha.
- 1197 Fort Bihar is captured by only 200 Muslim horsemen who rushed through the eastern gate. Great plunder was gained and the ’shaven headed Brahmins’ were slaughtered. It turned out that the city wasn’t a fortress; it was a Buddhist college, and in the Hindi tongue they call a college ‘Bihar’.
- Muslim invaders destroy India’s Buddhist libraries of Nalanda, Vikramasila, Jagaddala, Odantapuri & more.
- Monks flee to Nepal, Tibet and elsewhere.
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Smart & Dumb Quotes From Respected Thinkers. My Favourite Philosophers.
CAMUS OR RUSSELL “All the labour of the ages, all the devotion, all the inspiration, all the noonday birghtness of human genius, are destined to extinction in the vast death fo the solar system, and the whole temple of man’s achievement must inevitably be buried beneath the debris of a universe in ruins.”
the dumb…
EPICURUS: ” For truly there are gods, and knowledge of them is evident” (this is harder to even prove than one god).
MARTIN LUTHER “Religion is the greatest enemy that faith has; it never comes to the aid of spiritual things, by more frequently thatn not stuggles against the divine Word, treating with contempt all that emanates form God… Whoever wants to be Christian should tear the eyes out of his reason… Reason should be destroyed in Christians” (Perhaps Luther wasn’t so dumb after all, that is if his intention was to strip humans of their minds to become the sheep the bible constantly implores them to be).
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BOOK REVIEWS
‘Against Happiness’. I liked the differentiation between prettiness and beauty. Prettiness is shallow, picturesque and worth nothing. Beauty is embracing things as they are. Without melancholy, we’d have been deprived of many great things.
‘Buddhism Declined in India: How and Why’, DC Ahir (2005). A proofreader either wasn’t used or wasn’t qualified and it’s evident in each chapter. A vehemently anti-Brahmanic explanation of how Hinduism managed to destroy Buddhism through deceit, violence, discrimination and cunning. If only half of it’s true, it’s still shocking and important for anyone interested in historic Buddhism.
‘The Denial of Death’, Earnest Becker. The book speaks for itself. One of the few books I will buy having already read a library copy.
‘Philosophers Behaving Badly’, . Proof that a life dedicated reason does not result in an enlightened, a reasonable, or even a positive life. 8 philosophers with their own flaws, eccentrictrities and philosophical outlooks on about 25 pages each. I find it easier to understand their philosophy when I understand them by their personalities with all their failings. It’s also uplifting to see intellectual giants so prone to frailties like contemplation of suicide (Wittgenstein), arrogance (Sartre), stinginess, grumpiness and isolation (Schopenhauer) etc. Truly, the search for wisdom doesn’t seem to include the search to be a good human being for some philosophers (and their admirers).
‘Philosophy: The Great Thinkers’, Philip Stokes (2007). An A-Z of 112 Philosophers of 2-3 pages each. My first book on philosophy.
‘God is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything’, Christopher Hitchens & ‘The God Delusion’, Richard Dawkins. Both are interesting reads. Dawkins is more scientific, more in depth, more psychological. Hitchens is more like a journalist and related to current events. We’re not talking about Judaism and Christianity here, so you can actually read and agree with both of them.
‘Introducing Mind & Brain’, Angus Gellatly & Oscar Zarate. Short, easy-to-read introduction to neuroscience (but still complicated. Lays out the main areas of the brain, what is ‘mind’, and various dysfunctions of the mind and why they are.
‘The Meaning of Life: A Very Short Introduction’, Terry Eagleton (2007). A hundred intense pages of how philosophers address the meaning of life. Modernists, post-modernists, existentialists, theists, anarchists, dramatists and others are thrown in to essentially the meaning of ‘meaning’. A few highly insightful thoughts, some which never came to my mind before (eg. perhaps the meaning of life is neither to do with god nor ourselves, but a third thing that we haven’t realised yet). Helps to think about it but doesn’t answer the question, if it’s even a valid question to begin with or even meant to have an answer.
‘Staring at the Sun’. Irvin Yalom. Not really worth reading. I did like his references to Epicurus as I didn’t know of them before, and it helped show how what some might consider ’sinful’ thoughts like lusting over someone can essentially be the product of a deep-seated alternative fear like that of unresolved anxiousness of death.
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RELIGION WEBSITE LINKS- Hundreds of Websites With Short Descriptions
GENERAL
Old, often unreliable translations by orientalists http://www.sacred-texts.com/
Bigoted Christian analysis of world religions http://www.alwaysbeready.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=51&Itemid=71
BAHAI
ATHEISM
www.richarddawkins.net
www.atheists.org
www.americanhumanist.org
www.atheistalliance.org
www.ffrf.org
www.humaniststudies.org
www.infidels.org
www.randi.org
www.skeptic.com
www.shj.org
www.rationalistinternational.net
www.apostatesofislam.com
www.homa.org
www.secularislam.org
www.godlessgeeks.com/links/godproof.htm
BUDDHISM
FAQ: http://buddhanet.net/e-learning/qanda.htm
Q&A http://www.mahamakuta.inet.co.th/english/question.htm
Introduction: http://buddhanet.net/e-learning/basic-guide.htm
BBC overview- http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/buddhism/
Glossary http://dharma.org/IMS/mr_glossary.html
Suttas & Essays: (i) Piya Tan http://dharmafarer.googlepages.com/
(ii) Access http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/index.html
(iii) Wikipitaka http://tipitaka.wikia.com/wiki/Main_Page
e-library: http://buddhanet.net/ebooks.htm
Dhammapada: http://www.buddhanet.net/dhammapada/index.htm
Ajahn Brahm’s talks: http://uk.youtube.com/user/BuddhistSocietyWA
Worldwide Buddhist organistation directory: http://www.buddhanet.info/wbd/
Audio lessons: http://www.freebuddhistaudio.com/
Various articles: http://www.vbgnet.org/resources.asp
Many articles: http://www.dhammaweb.net/
http://www.budsas.org/ebud/ebidx.htm
http://santipada.googlepages.com/
Buddhist forum: http://www.e-sangha.com/
Buddhist TV http://www.buddhistchannel.tv/
Zen blog http://www.oxherding.com/my_weblog/
Abhidhamma & Tipitaka
http://www.tipitaka.org/
http://tipitaka.wikia.com/wiki/Main_Page
http://www.abhidhamma.com/
http://www.abhidhamma.org/contents.htm
Cetasika analysis http://www.vipassana.info/cetasikas.html
Excellent notes http://www.abhidhamma.com/txt_fundamentalabhidhamma_03.html#A5
Summary http://home.earthlink.net/~mpaw12/id30.html
Live at Sogenji Monastery, Japan http://onedropzendo.org/sogenji.htm
Colour symbolism http://www.religionfacts.com/buddhism/symbols/color.htm
Miracles http://www.thebuddhadharma.com/issues/current/sample/forum.php
CHRISTIANITY
What early Christianity really was http://www.bidstrup.com/bible.htm
Recovering Catholics www.peebs.net
Confucianism
Egyptian
Esoteric/Occult
HINDUISM
FAQ from beginner to advanced questions http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Acropolis/1863/faq.html#not%20polytheistic
Easy Chakra meditation http://www.learningmeditation.com/chakras.htm
Hindus denying casteism is in Hinduism http://www.hinduwisdom.info/Caste_System.htm
ISLAM
Quran translations
Muhammad Assad http://www.islamicity.com/QuranSearch/
Quranite http://free-minds.org/quran/
Ali, Pickthall, Shakir http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/quran/
Yuksel, MG, Asad, Khalifa http://www.quranix.com/#?RTQ=1&TMG=1&MA=1&RK=1&TE=1&A=1&L=en&NA=10&S=1&SA=1&NQ=A10&NQA=RTQ
Tafsir
ibn Kathir http://www.tafsir.com
Mufti Shafi Usmani http://classicalislamgroup.com/index.php?view=tafseer
Hazrat Ahmadiy (Ahmadiyya) http://www.alislam.org/quran/tafseer/?page=-13®ion=EN
Hadiths
Bukhari, Muslim, Malik, Qudsi, Nawawi http://www.iiu.edu.my/deed/hadith/
Bukhari http://www.sacred-texts.com/isl/bukhari/bh4/index.htm
Proponents of hadith http://abulhaarith.wordpress.com/category/the-quraaniyyoon/
http://www.call-to-monotheism.com/refuting_the_argument_that_the_hadith_have_been_collected_200_years_after_the_death_of_the_prophet_and_therefore_are_unreliable_
(Audio) http://www.understand-islam.net/audio/andromeda.php?q=f&f=%2FFitan+and+Deviations+%2E+-+%2E+2%2E+Religions+and+Sects%2FQur%27anites
List of dumb hadiths: http://muslimhope.com/IslamIndex.htm#_Toc182642963
Progressive Muslims
http://www.free-minds.org/articles.htm
http://books.google.com/books?id=laxHu49rOhUC&pg=PA82&lpg=PA82&dq=%22for+having+two+female+witnesses+instead+of+one&source=web&ots=BfAD9sduDv&sig=BgpzBqRjyVw495Bze_gQU5zmzBQ&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=1&ct=result#PPR7,M1
Scientific Miracles
http://www.miraclesofthequran.com/scientific_18.html
Interesting
Shaytan actor clips http://www.youtube.com/view_play_list?p=01A692381DAEDF1D
Claims the quran is man-made at a later date:
http://debate.org.uk/topics/history/debate/part1.htm
http://debate.org.uk/topics/history/quran.htm
http://www.studytoanswer.net/myths_ch1.html
JAINISM
Many links http://www.cs.colostate.edu/~malaiya/jainhlinks.html
Jains’ ambigous status under India’s constitution http://www.theindiapost.com/?p=1380
Judaism
Miscellaneous
New Thought
PHILOSOPHY
42 logical fallacies http://www.nizkor.org/features/fallacies/
Deductive & inductive reasoning: how it works http://www.iep.utm.edu/d/ded-ind.htm
Shamanism / Paganism / Wicca etc.
Sikhism
Taoism
Zoroastrianism
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The Evil of Castism & Religions Teaching It. See What Actions Will Send A Person To Hell Based On His/Her Caste
These are old translations. I’m reluctant to draw conclusions from them, having found mistranslations in old Buddhist translations.
If these translations are only half-true, Casteism and anything related to it is against human dignity and should be stamped out in all its forms.
PURANAS
Garuda Purana (translated by Ernest Wood & SV Subrahmanyam, 1911, http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/gpu/index.htm)
Chapter VI. An Account of the Kinds of Sins which lead to Hell
- Consorting with Low-Caste Women Is An Offence:
18-24 “The Brâhmiṇ who sells liquors, and consorts with a lowcaste woman; who kills animals for his own gratification, not for the prescribed sacrifices of the Vedas”
- Brahmins that don’t study their texts go to hell, yet a Shudra that studies the Vedas also goes to hell. This forces the unworthy in high places and blocks the worthy to stay in low places:
18-24 “Who has put aside his Brâhmaṇic duties; who eats flesh and drinks liquor; who is of unbridled nature; who does not study the Śâstras;”
- Shudras That Read Holy Scriptures, Perform Sacred Rituals or Consort With Brahmin Women Go To Hell
18-24 “The Śûdra who studies the letter of the Vedas, who drinks the milk of the tawny cow, who wears the sacred thread or consorts with Brâhmiṇ women;”
- Shudras That Don’t Do Necessary Ceremonies For Upper Castes Go To Hell
“27. Who did not make gifts of black cows, nor perform the ceremonies for those who are in the upper body [note: Brahmins and Kshatriyas are said to come from Brahma's mouth and arms respectively, hence the 'upper body'. Shurdas come from Brahma's feet]; having suffered great misery in it, go to the tree standing on its bank.”
- Having Children With Lower Caste Women Loses A High Rank
“37-38. The Brâhmaṇi who places a harlot on his bed, goes to a low condition; begetting offspring of a Śudra woman, he is certainly degraded from the Brâhmiṇ rank: That wretched twice-born is not worthy of salutation at any time; those fools who worship him certainly go to hell.”
CHAPTER V
An Account of the Signs of Sins.
- Speaking Against The Caste System Causes Rebirth As A Pigeon.
23. Who deceives a friend becomes a mountain-vulture; who cheats in selling, an owl; who speaks ill of caste and order is born a pigeon in a wood.
—————
Upon gonig to hell, they are tortured and then reincarnated as rocks, plants, animals and eventually Lower-Caste Humans. So people are born into lower-castes because of previous transgressions and are expected to have a miserable life:
63. All these evolve thence into the human condition; having come back from hell they are born in the human kingdom amongst low outcastes, and even there, by the stains of sin, become very miserable.
- Remember to blame the sick for their own illnesses:
“64. Thus they become men and women oozing with leprosy, born blind, infested with grievous maladies, and bearing the marks of sin.”
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Infantile attitudes: Man’s tendency to regress to dependence on an omnipotent being
PART I: BABIESWhen we are born we are powerless. For the first year of our life, we have no sense of ’self’ and no power over anything. This is deeply ingrained in the human psyche and instinct. So how does the religious man or woman reflect a return to the mode of infancy?
1) When in an impossible situation, they need to reach out to an external power. Babies cry, adults pray.
2) Both lose sense of self. They both consider themselves as under the control and power of an external power. Babies rely on unknown beings feeding, comforting them. Adults rely on an unknown being called ‘god’ to provide them health, sustenance and guidance.
This phenomena is known as regressing to infancy.
Our mind is built on top of previous experiences. As these first few years of a child’s life are based on dependency, it’s little surprise that this survival mechanism remains in the human mind.
Therefore when an atheist even prays “God save me!” in desperation, this isn’t proof of God’s existence. This is proof of regression to infancy and how powerful the various levels of mind can be. When we let go of superstition and look from the view of science, even this phenomena can be explained in a rational way.
(This was taken from Sangharakshita’s 1967 audio lecture, seen here: http://www.freebuddhistaudio.com/talks/details?num=117
PART II: INFANCY (2 years-8 years).
PART III: CHILDHOOD (8 years- teenagers)
PART IV: ADULTHOOD
PART V: OLD AGE
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Reflections on Life
LOT
Please take her.
ABRAHAM’S SON
Rope pull. It tightens,
My fingers curl.
Traction against my skin, like soft rubber
rope’s hairs rub up against my skin.
GOD IS DEAD
God is dead.
No, God is here.
This child is not dead,
Cold and rubbery, dangling without movement.
But she cannot be dead,
In this moment, she is not dead.
She is still mine.
Ambulance arrives.
Zipper unzipps.
This is not happening.
God is not dead.
LIFE IS A WAVE
Visualise a vast ocean.
Choose a wave.
Give it a name.
The pleasure as it grows.
Such attachment.
The wave slows.
Start worrying.
Mourne woefully as it returns to nothingness.
LONGING
West Lake on Saturday;
Tieling sunshine in winter.
How I longed to leave.
Left. Nothing.
Oh West Lake on a Saturday.
Tieling sunshin in winter.
Monglian Steppes;
Baobab trees.
How I long to see.
Mongolian Steppes; and
Baobab trees.
EPICURUS:
“Accustom yourself to believe that death is nothing to us, for good and evil imply awareness, and death is the privation of all awareness”
“And to say that the season for studying philosophy has not yet come, or that it is past and gone, is like saying that the season for happiness is not yet or that it is now no more.”
“Foolish, therefore, is the person who says
that he fears death, not because it will pain when it comes,
but because it pains in the prospect. Whatever causes no
annoyance when it is present, causes only a groundless pain in
the expectation. Death, therefore, the most awful of evils, is
nothing to us, seeing that, when we are, death is not come,
and, when death is come, we are not. It is nothing, then,
either to the living or to the dead, for with the living it is
not and the dead exist no longer.”
“Much worse is he
who says that it were good not to be born, but when once one
is born to pass with all speed through the gates of Hades. For
if he truly believes this, why does he not depart from life?”
yks tuhat paths to generosity
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Generosity demands very little; generosity demands everything.
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No one is picked out, no one is left out. Generosity is never partisan.
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Try tipping the scales of life in someone else’s favour.
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Generosity blunts the sting on unkindness in others.
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Life is an adventure in giving.
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Resolve never to give up on anybody.
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Everywhere there is something incredible waiting to be shared.
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Generosity is a spontaneous expression of enthusiasm.
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Generosity is like a treasure chest that grants wishes.
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Whether people like us or not dependso n how much we think of them.
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Forgive people who have witnessed you making mistakes.
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Seek to turn the tide when others are at their lowest ebb.
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Only great souls know the grandeur there is in charity (Jacques Benigne Bossuet).
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Endeavour to share others’ interests, not just your own.
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Really big people are, above everything else, courteous, considerate, and generous- not just to some people in some circumstances- but to everyone all the time. (Thomas J Watson Sr.
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Take the feathre out of your own cap to help someone else fly.
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Generosity is always asking the question, “How can I make you happy?”
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A generous person always sends someone away happier than whent hey arrived.
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Generosity is like looking through a wide-angle lens that allows you a view of the whole of humanity.
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Lavishness lasts until the money runs out, but generosity lasts a lifetime.
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Refuse to make your mind up about somebody just because they have made up about you.
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All growth requires a temporary surrender of ego.
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Aim to put more into the world than you take out.
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There’s one thing that money can’t buy- generosity.
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There are many things that the world can do without, but generosity is not one of them.
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Take a spiritual journey toward someone else’s heart.
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What better excuse to be better, than to better someone else with generosity?
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History consists of those actions in the past that have shouted loud enough to be remembered in the future; generosity has spoken with a quieter voice but is woven into the fabric of time.
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Generosity is tenderness.
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There’s always enough generosity to go round.
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Generosity is watering someone else’s garden when you could be watering your own.
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Always wait your turn even when there isn’t enough to go around.
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Practice justice without requiring justice.
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We all possess a natural will to help others but it cannot blossom without being nurtured.
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I feel an earnest and humble desire, and shall till I die, to increase the stock of harmless cheerfulness (Charles Dickens).
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Noone is so undeserving that a generous mind cannot find something to offer them.
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The secret of generosity is when you use your extra energy to help someone else, rather than to get to the top first.
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Generosity is not just something you do in your spare time.
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Are you always the first to say sorry?
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Allow yourself to become submertged in the ocean of your benevolence.
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Be smart if you can, funny if you want to, but be generous- that is essential.
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Anythign that lifts another person is generous.
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The most generous thing you can do for someoen is not to share your riches, but to guide them towards their own.
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Recognise that money is not a solution for every problem.
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Generosity is the only thign we can be good at without practicing first.
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Be the sunshine that allows virtue to grow.
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Somwehwere between gfrugality and lavishness is generosity.
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Give with no strings attached.
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Generosity is a beautiful garden without walls.
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A world without generosity is no more imaginable than a year without its seasons. (Singapore?)
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Arise cheerfully and live the day in happy readiness to be generous.
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Generosity is the real imracle out of which all other miracles grow.
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Use generosity like a net of love by which you can catch hearts and souls.
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How wonderful it is that nobody needs to wait a single moment before starting to improve the world (Anne Frank).
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Generosity cannot live alone.
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Gnerosity is not giving me that which I need more than you do, but it is giving me that which you need more than I do. (Kahlil Gibran).
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When you take something out of your mind and leave it in someone else’s heart, it is called generosity.
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Take the time to conceivve of the best in others.
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The purest expression fo trust is a generous endeavor.
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Give even when you stand to lose out as a result.
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The generous person finds their peace and then passes it on.
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It may be very generous in one person to offer what it would be ungenerous in an other to accept (Samuel Richardson).
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You can’t fake generosity. It shows.
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That’s what I consider true generosity. You give your all, and yet you always feel as if it costs you nothing (Simone Beuvoir).
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You are the sum total of all that you give.
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Do you have a heart taht is open all hours?
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Aspire to move mountains for others, even though afterward they might block your view.
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Make generosity a ruling passion in your life.
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Do not wait for people to be friendly- show them how instead.
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Be slow to take and quick to give.
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Whomever you meet, always try to put them at their ease.
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It is better to be exploited once by someone who does not merit your genersity than to play safe 99 times by offering nothing.
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Generosity is always simple; if it comes with gimmicks it is also likely to come with conditions.
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Generosity is leadership- leading by example.
(Page 46)
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